Saturday, November 30, 2019

Oregon Trail free essay sample

What I know Women didn’t have it very easy on the Oregon Trial. They had many chores/jobs they had to get done. And those jobs were no walk in the park. They were hard, laborious, and dirty jobs. They were also often â€Å"handed† these jobs. Women were often taken granted for. In the men’s minds, they were trivial, but that was far from true. If women hadn’t gone on the Oregon Trail, it probably wouldn’t have gotten that far. Women and girls play a big rule in Women and girls had to adjust to very rough conditions. Part II: What I want to know I would like to know why were women treated lesser than men? How did women adjust so quickly and â€Å"silently†. I want to find out if women ever were thanked for the things that they did on the Oregon Trail. Furthermore, I would also like to know why women were given the jobs they got. We will write a custom essay sample on Oregon Trail or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition to that, I would like to find out how much time for women to learn how to do their jobs. And lastly, I want to know why women let themselves â€Å"suffer silently†. Part III: The Search Women had many jobs, that weren’t very easy. They had to cook, long hours hunched over the fire, often times making something for their family to eat out of nothing. Their long dresses could catch fire and hurt them. Now, that would be bad considering they had to walk about 15 miles the next day. The next job was that they had to clean. The trails were dirt, so could you imagine how much dust would collect in the wagon after a day’s walking? A whole bunch and the women had to clean (or dust) all of that dust. Women also had to do the laundry, which was a problem. It was a problem because most of the time there were no streams or rivers; and another thing that women had to do was unpack and repack all the things on the wagon so hey could cross rivers and such. And on top of all that, Women weren’t allowed to complain, despite the hard circumstances that they were put under. But the Oregon Trail was a good thing to. Before heading west, all women would do was sit around at their house doing nothing more than visiting, needlework, and the occasional gardening (Pioneers West Women). By the year 1869 when the first transcontinental railroad was done, 350,000+ pioneers had taken the trip on the Oregon Trail. Several of these people were women and most of the women were accompanied with children (Pioneers West Women). Many men just told their wives that they were going to go start a new life in Oregon (or one of the other places that the pioneers went to) (Pioneers West Women). In other families, women had a big influence on whether or not they went on the Oregon Trail (Pioneers West Women). Many women kept diaries or journals explaining their life on the trail, they would write in them when they had some â€Å"downtime† (CJonline. com). Education-wise, men usually left it to the women. But some of them couldn’t read, so they couldn’t read the Bible to them (or any book for that matter). Even before starting the Oregon Trail journey, the wagon had to be packed. That task usually fell to the women, (naturally,). Packing the wagon usually started with making a list of the most basic things. This, for the women, was the first hardship. They found out that personal items didn’t mean as much as the necessities and that they couldn’t take them with. The things that were deemed unneeded were sold off to help pay for the trip west. Most women on the Oregon Trail weren’t â€Å"women†. Girls had to grow up fast, and if they didn’t, they were forced to. Girls as young as 14 were married and either convinced their husbands to go on the Oregon Trail, were forced to, or agreed to. Towards the end of the Trail, women had left more than just furniture to heavy to keep. Often times, they had to bury their children (Pioneers West Women). Women had many children on the trail to help with chores and things like that. Women did have to burry more than one of their children, though. Women adjusted very well to the conditions of the Trail, though. They faced the hardships with courage. Even agreeing to go on the Oregon Trail was considered courage. Women had a very prominent effect on the Oregon Trail, which will not be forgotten. They were probably what made the journey successful. Because think about it, what would happen if women hadn’t gone? There probably wouldn’t be any â€Å"home†-made meals, and it would just be rolls with bacon or something. Men probably wouldn’t have done very well on the other side, too. The affect that women had on the trail was bigger than you could imagine, and I think that we just overlook them most of the time. Women who convinced their husbands to go on the Oregon Trail journey were very courageous. They were courageous because they didn’t know what they were getting themselves into, and still wanted to go anyway. Now, in my opinion, that is true courage. Pioneer women, in my opinion too, were probably the most courageous people that I know of. They went on the Oregon Trail even though they didn’t know what they were getting themselves into; and knowing that the end result would be worth it. Women’s jobs on the Oregon Trail weren’t easy. Women were often given the unpleasant jobs, but they persevered. They made it through the rough terrain and dusty Oregon Trail. Part VI: What would the Oregon Trial been like without women? If women hadn’t gone on the Oregon Trail, it probably would’ve been unsuccessful. This would’ve been the outcome because women did all the cooking, cleaning, took care of the children, and all the while, stayed out of the men’s way. These jobs were a women’s to do because not many men would’ve had the patience or time to do the things that women had to do. Also, most men didn’t know how o cook, and with that being said, they would’ve had to have packed the wagon with more non-perishable food. Next, the cleaning issue would have to be dealt with. There was a lot of dust on the trail and dusting was an almost every day thing. All in all, it would’ve been a complete and utter disaster if women hadn’t gone on the Oregon Trail.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Typing Spanish Accents and Symbols in Ubuntu Linux

Typing Spanish Accents and Symbols in Ubuntu Linux Typing Spanish characters on a computer keyboard laid out for English speakers can be cumbersome - but Ubuntu Linux offers a way to to make it easy with little interference to your English typing. The key to easily typing non-English characters - especially those from European languages including Spanish - is switching to different keyboard layout than the default. A more cumbersome method using the Character Map is also available if you type Spanish infrequently. How To Switch to a Spanish-Capable Keyboard The procedure for typing Spanish accents, letters and symbols as explained here is based on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus), the most recent stable version for long-term use. It should work in other distributions using the Gnome desktop. Otherwise, details will vary with the distribution. To change or add the keyboard layout in Ubuntu, select Preferences from the System Tools menu, and then select Keyboard. Click on Text Entry (other versions may say Layouts) to add or change the keyboard layout. For U.S. residents using English as a first language, the best choice (and the one explained here) is the USA International (with dead keys) layout. The USA International (with dead keys) layout gives you two ways of typing Spanish letters (and the letters of some other European languages) with diacritical marks, the dead-key method and the RightAlt method. Using Dead Keys The keyboard layout sets up two dead keys. These are keys that seem to do nothing when you press them. But what they actually do is affect the following letter you type. The two dead keys are the apostrophe/quotation key (usually to the right of the colon key) and the tilde/opening-single-quote key (usually to the left of the 1 key). Pressing the apostrophe key will place an acute accent (like on the à ©) on the following letter. So to type an à © with the dead-key method, press the apostrophe key and then the e. (To make a capital accented É, press and release the apostrophe, and then press the shift key and e at the same time.) This works for all of the Spanish vowels (as well as some other letters used in other languages). To type the à ±, the tilde key is used as the dead key. Press the shift and tilde keys at the same time (as if you were typing a stand-alone tilde), release them, then press the n key. (The location of the tilde key varies but is often to the left of the 1 key in the top row.) To type the à ¼, press the shift and apostrophe/quotation key at the same time (as if you were typing a double quotation mark), release them, and then press the u key. One problem with the use of dead keys is that they dont work well for their original function. To type an apostrophe, for example, you have press the apostrophe key and follow that with the space bar. Using the RightAlt Method The USA International (with dead keys) layout gives you a second method of typing the accented letters, as well as the only method for Spanish punctuation. This method uses the RightAlt key (usually to the right of the space bar) pressed at the same time as another key. For example, to type the à ©, press the RightAlt key and the e at the same time. If you want to capitalize it, you need to press three keys simultaneously: the RightAlt, e and shift keys. Similarly, the RightAlt key can be used in conjunction with the question mark key to make the inverted question mark, and with the 1 key to make the inverted exclamation point. These methods do not work the the Alt key on the left side of the keyboard. Here is a summary of the Spanish characters and symbols you can make with the RightAlt key: - RightAlt a- RightAlt Shift aà © - RightAlt eÉ - RightAlt e Shiftà ­ - RightAlt ià  - RightAlt i Shiftà ± - RightAlt nÑ - RightAlt n Shiftà ³ - RightAlt oÓ - RightAlt o Shiftà º - RightAlt uÚ - RightAlt u Shiftà ¼ - RightAlt yÃÅ" - RightAlt y Shift ¿ - RightAlt ? ¡ - RightAlt ! « - RightAlt [ » - RightAlt ] Unfortunately, the USA International (with dead keys) layout doesnt appear to offer a way to type the quotation dash (also called a long dash or emdash). Those who are familiar with Linux can modify the xmodmap file or use various utilities to remap a key on the keyboard to make that symbol readily available. How To Switch Between Standard and International Keyboards If you spend most of your time writing in English, the dead apostrophe key can become annoying. One solution is to install two keyboard layouts using the Keyboard configuration tool described above. To easily switch between layouts, install the Keyboard Indicator in one of your panels. Right-click on a panel, select Add to Panel and then select Keyboard Indicator. Once its installed, you can click on it anytime to switch layouts. Using the Character Map The Character Map provides a graphical display of all the characters available and can be used to select characters one-by-one for insertion in your document. In Ubuntu Linux, the Character Map is available by selecting the Applications menu, then the Accessories menu. The Spanish letters and punctuation can be found in the Latin-1 Supplement listing. To insert a character in your document, double-click on it, then click Copy. Then you can paste it in your document in the normal way, depending on your application.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Medium vs. Media

Medium vs. Media Medium vs. Media Medium vs. Media By Sharon Medium originates from the Latin meaning middle, midst or means and this sense has carried through its various meanings. The 16th century meaning of intervening substance gave rise to the 19th century meaning of enveloping substance, a term often used in scientific experiments. Since the 18th century, medium has also meant intermediate agency (which no doubt is responsible for the medium who communicates with the other side). The mass media also share this origin. Radio is a medium (or means) of communication. With the advent of national broadcasting of radio programs in the 1920s, the term mass media was born. Given its Latinate origin, many people wonder about the correct plural of medium. Merriam Webster Online states that media is the correct plural of medium in almost all cases. However, many people also use media as a singular noun when referring to the mass media. Here are some quotations from newspapers: platform, Periscope, as a gathering place for gamers. Facebook has also been scrambling to get in on the growing medium, courting individual gamers and adding the ability to tip streamers on Facebook Live as part of its â€Å"gaming (www.nytimes.com) News media finally calls out Trump on his lies. Outrage over the Trump administrations policy of separating children from their parents at the border is clearly growing, and it looks as if the media are a driving force behind it. Finally, were saying what everyone has known for Were quick to condemn the culture of entitlement for sports prima donnas, but weve created the same cozy cocoon for media stars. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples10 Colloquial Terms and Their Meanings20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Thursday, November 21, 2019

MPH503 - Infertility and Public Health Module 4 - SLP Essay

MPH503 - Infertility and Public Health Module 4 - SLP - Essay Example he objective to educate them about the common emotional and physical health issues faced by infertile couples and role of a caregiver in this situation. Below explains the method of assessment of the impact of the above workshop. The participants are given a question paper with 10 questions (combination of both multiple choice and open ended questions) to answer immediately before starting the programme. The questionnaire is consisted of the questions which help to identify the pre-exposure knowledge and the typical practice of the participants related to emotional and physical health issues of infertile individuals. The same questionnaire will be given to the same participants at the end of the workshop. Questions are given marks according to a scale and mean total scores of pre and post exposure questions will be statistically compared to find out possible significant improvement. Statistical significance indicates the efficiency of the workshop. This assessment helps to find out whether the things learned at the workshop effectively practiced by the participants at the institution and whether they really help to beneficiaries to overcome their problems. A random sample of 20 infertile individuals treated at the institution are selected. They are interviewed face to face to find answers to pre prepared questions. This will be done within a week before the workshop. The questions are carefully prepared to understand the current physical and psychological support received by the infertile individuals by primary caregivers and the effectiveness. Between one to two weeks after the workshop a random sample of 20 infertile individuals (not the same individuals selected for the first sample) is selected and face to face interview is scheduled to cover the answers to same questions about practice of the primary health care

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Effect of the Charities Act 2006 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of the Charities Act 2006 - Essay Example The Statute of Elizabeth, referred by many to as The Statute of Charitable Uses 1601 was the first legal conception of the charities trust. The Act defined charity in its preamble as, land, profits, and goods set aside for the benefit of the society from soldiers to school going children and the poor and elderly1. The Mortmain and Charitable Use Act 1888 changed a lot of the Statute of Elizabeth but maintained the introductory part of charities as per the Act. In a court ruling in the Goodman v Saltash Corporation [1882] 7 App Cas 633 case, the court was in favor that, goods were given to people in a town or village as charitable2. The Charities Act 1960 revoked all the previous statutes on charities leaving the interpretation of the term charities to fall under the purview of the law of England and Wales. Â  The designation of a charitable organization in the United Kingdom’s statute law, according to the Charities Act 2006, is an institution whose establishment is for charitable purposes alone. Some of the charitable purposes according to the Act include; the advancement of education, religion, and prevention of poverty. The charitable purposes also include the advancement of citizenship, health, animal welfare, arts, culture, heritage, and amateur sport, among others3. However, for the purposes of convenience in classifying the aims of charity, Lord Macnaghten in 1891 when ruling the Commissioners for Special Income Tax v Pemsel [1891] AC 531 case put the aims under four heads. These heads are; the reprieve of poverty, the advancement of education, the advancement of religion, and any purposes that are of benefit to society4. In order for an organization to be fully a charitable organization, one ought to be able to identify benefits rising from organizations to the advantag e of the society.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Personality Theories Essay Example for Free

Personality Theories Essay This paper will compare the Psychodynamic Theory and the Humanistic Theory. A description of each theory and its leading theorist will help in pointing out both their differences and similarities. Psychodynamic Theory, developed by Sigmund Freud in the 1900s, believes that most human behavior stems from their unconscious. That personality comes from beliefs, memories, feelings, and instincts of which the individual is not aware of (Feldman, 2010). According, to Freud the personality is made up of three major components; the Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is the raw inborn part with sole purpose is to reduce tension caused by aggression and irrational impulse, operating according to the pleasure principle (Feldman, 2010). Ego acting as a buffer between the Id and the outside world, the Ego is developed soon after birth and strives to balance the desires of the Id. The Ego operates according to the reality principle, making decisions permitting problem solving at a higher level than the Id is capable of (Feldman, 2010). While the Superego is part of the conscience representing right from wrong in society, thus being handed down by one’s parents, and teachers, the Superego keeps one from improper behavior by causing one to feel guilty. Freud suggest that personality development has several distinct stages; Oral (birth – 18 months), Anal (18 months – 3 years), Phallic (3-6 years), Latency (6 years to adolescence), and Genital (adolescence to adulthood) (Feldman, 2010). Another huge part of Freud’s theory is the defense mechanisms which include: Repression, Regression, Displacement, Rationalization, Denial, Projection, Sublimation, and Reaction formation. These defense mechanisms are used to cope with life’s anxieties. Humanistic Theory believes that it is at the conscience level that all people have the drive and tendency to move forward. Both Maslow and Rogers is theorist that believe in the Humanistic Theory, believing that we all have a basic need of self- fulfillment to reach our highest potential in our own unique ways. This Theory suggest that people see and judge themselves through the eyes of others causing one to become preoccupied with what others think. This is why unconditional positive regard from family and friends is so important to how one feels about themselves. The acceptance one gets from others has a direct effect on both emotional and cognitive development. Maslow believes a person grows in stages based on needs: beginning with physical needs such as food, and sexual needs, than safety needs, a secure safe place to live or an organized life, on to a sense of belonging, where one feels connected or loved. Maslow believes these needs have to be met in order to have self-esteem which drives one to be all they can be (Feldman, 2010). The Humanistic Theory suggests that personality is more about one’s unique self and freedom of choice. In comparing the Psychodynamic Theory and the Humanistic Theory, the most noticeable difference is that the Psychodynamic believes that the determinants of personality are of the unconscious, while the Humanistic believes more of the opposite in that personality determinants are of the conscious. The Humanistic suggest that it is the interaction of both nature and the environment that set the path for personality, while the Psychodynamic believes that personality is more inherited that nurture factors. These two theories are opposite in their believes of free will, Humanistic stresses the freedom of individual choices, and Psychodynamic stress the view that behavior is directed by factors outside of one’s self (Feldman, 2010). Psychodynamic suggest that a person’s personality keeps the same characteristics throughout a person’s life. On the other hand Humanistic believes that personality characteristics remain flexible and resilient throughout one’s life. Assessing personality can be done in many different ways. There is psychological test that are used to help people understand more about themselves. Psychological test are based on norms which are created by giving the same test to a large number of people and comparing their answers. Self-Report measures personalities by asking a person to explain a sample of their behavior, these reports are than used to look for particular characteristics. Projective testing is done by showing an ambiguous stimulus and asking that the person tell a story about the stimulus. The responses are considered to be projections of one’s personality. These are just a few of the ways personality can be assessed. While the Psychodynamic and Humanistic Theories are different in their beliefs they both hold valid aspects at evaluating human personalities. Just as there is no one way to test personality there is no one theory. Reference (Feldman, 2010) Feldman, R. S. (2010). Psychology and your life. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

The Dance of The Body without Organs Essay -- Electronics Essays

The Dance of The Body without Organs My current project employs the concept of the Body w/o Organs as a model of artistic process to undermine social, scientific, and political hierarchies used in organizing our states of consciousness and embodiment. By arriving at a location of stillness, or â€Å"zero intensity† through this process of dislocating normative structures; new structures, configurations, and organizations will emerge that reflect local, emotional, or irrational consistencies. The project exists in several instantiations, including immersive virtual environments, networked art, 3-D modeling, and texts. Body w/o Organs, Deleuze and Guattari, Artaud, Virtual Reality, Virtual Environment, Irrationality, Surrealism, Visible Human Project 1.0 Situating Subjectivity â€Å"My mind became a place of refuge, an sanctuary, a room I could enter with no fear of invasion. My mind became a site of resistance.† (hooks, 1991) Located as a privileged subject relative to race and gender; I am at a transitional place regarding power relations. My upbringing as a white male of a middle class family in a line of Scottish farmers immigrating to the rural Midwestern US roots me in the blood-soaked soil of the Klu Klux Klan. I was born and raised 20 years after and 30 miles from Marion, Indiana, site of countless barbaric lynchings of African Americans. My sympathies betrayed the hegemonic classifications of my own body and color of flesh. I lined up with the victims, not with my kin. My desire to be done with the coding of the politics of identity in my flesh increased my sense of disembodiment. My own betrayal of skin and kin accompanied by the undeniable privilege afforded me by the embodied coding of race has created a ... ...cal and theoretical issues related to the technologies of immersive virtual reality, netart, and avatars; specifically with respect to issues of identity, embodiment, and human sentience. He has presented and exhibited his work in numerous international venues, including Ars Electronica, Invencao, Consciousness Reframed, Webs of Discourse, CADE, as well as museums, galleries, and alternative spaces. His essay, â€Å"A Manifesto for Avatars† was published in Intertexts in 1998. At present he is a visiting researcher at the Virtual Reality Centre at the University of Teesside, and at the CAVE Lab, New Media Center, The University of Michigan. He is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Computer Art/New Media at Bowling Green State University, and an Assistant Professor of Art at Kent State University. http://www.stark.kent.edu/~glittle http://www.oberlin.net/~glittle

Monday, November 11, 2019

St. Augustine and Virgil’s Influence in Dante’s Inferno

Reaching an epiphany after a lengthy, perilous journey may seem like the content pertinent for mythological legends. However, the epic poems of St. Augustine, Virgil, and Dante share similar themes and have an important relevance to Christianity. Virgil's The Aeneid follows the story of Aeneas who encountered hardships and travels to the underworld to maintain his destiny of establishing Rome. Dante's Inferno follows a spiritually indigent Dante through the nine rings of hell with the purpose of realizing simplicity and reuniting with his wife in heaven. Finally, St. Augustine's Confessions are an autobiography that details the life of its author in search of a spiritual awakening. An exploration of Dante's Inferno comprises inspirations and influences from the other two pieces of literature copiously in setting and subject matter.Virgil's InfluenceVirgil's The Aeneid influences Dante's work through a definition of a hell that is composed of multiple stages and punishment intensities for its unfortunate inhabitants. Dante's Inferno reveals a journey through the nine rings of hell (Hunt et al. 369). Through his journey, Dante identifies different parts in hell where people are suffering from different punishments Minervino 2 based on their sins. In this hell, he journeys more in-depth into the rings to the pit that holds the most villainous characters in religious history s uch as Judas and Lucifer (Dante, Longfellow, and Dore 212). Comparably, Virgil had developed this narrative in his works, which were written before Dante's. Virgil's The Aeneid shows Aeneas travel through different avenues of hell such as the Field of Mourning where adulterous suffered a horrid punishment (Puchner et al. 999). As they travel deeper into the underworld, Aeneas and Sybil come across a fortress where Rhadamanthus punishes the evilest people with intense torture (Virgil and Fagles 189). Virgil's formation of the underworld has recognizable bearings on Dante's explication of hell. The structural and operational similarity is an affirmation of Virgil's The Aeneid's influence on Dante's Inferno. Moreover, Virgil's narrative necessitates the assistance of a spiritual guide, a trope that Dante incorporated into the Inferno. The Aeneid's protagonist, Aeneas, follows a Sybil also referred to as a priestess through the underworld (Virgil and Fagles 172). Similarly, Dante follows the ghost of a deceased poet called Virgil (Dante, Longfellow and Dore 4). One significant similarity between the guides is their wisdom and strength (Puchner et al. 1465). They are decisive and very powerful such that they can travel around hell with little culmination to themselves and their special formulations. Dante's comparison of Virgil is an satirical guidance of Virgil's clarification of the Sybil.St. Augustine's InfluenceSt. Augustine's Confessions also has a notable influence on the subject matter shown in Dante's Inferno. Unlike Virgil's work, these two pieces of literature detail colossal ramifications concerning religion. Dante and St. Augustine's works are journeys to spiritual clarity (Enr ight Minervino 3 33). Dante's Inferno originates with a lost Dante wandering in a dark forest (Dante, Longfellow and Dore 1). However, he is unable to reach the light prompting him to turn back where he meets a guide, who promises to help him achieve righteousness and see his wife in heaven. Similarly; St. Augustine travels the world without much purpose other than engaging in materialistic pleasures such as sexual exploration (Puchner et al. 1127). However, upon reaching the garden in Milan, he achieves clarity and conversion (St. Augustine and Pusey 106). Dante also achieves a similar epiphany upon exiting hell into the earth. This understanding suggests that St. Augustine's Confessions had a profound ramification on Dante's Inferno.ConclusionSt. Augustine and Virgil's works of literature had a profound influence on Dante's work. Virgil's The Aeneid developed a conceptualization of hell that Dante later adapted to his work. The visualization of a portioned hell that caters to sins differently based on their intensity appears prominently in either author's work. On the other hand, St. Augustine's Confessions has an important influence on Dante's subject matter of a journey to redemption and eventual spiritual empowerment. Therefore, St. Augustine and Virgil's works were important in developing the Epic poem Dante's Inferno.?

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Crystals Research Paper Essay

Crystals form in the depths of the Earth to the extension of the clouds in sky. Some think that crystals elude the sight of people’s eyes everyday in life, but they are everywhere including ingredients for food, construction materials, and even in ice-cold weather. The crystals in this experiment are ammonia-generated crystals that can be created right in a home. The experiment will be testing the different effects and products on crystals in different temperatures and forms of light. Different measurements will be recorded throughout the experiment such as mass and length. But first the crystals must grow. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is called crystallography. All over the world, though the different ages of man, crystals have been found to take their place throughout different cultures, countries, and religions. Not only were crystals used for a part in the currency of some ancient economies, but also they date back as far as 1500 BC as a source of healing and medicinal uses. â€Å"The ancient Egyptians strongly believed in the healing and protective power of crystals. Many pharaohs wore crystals on their headdresses and many crystal amulets have been found in their tombs.† Pharaohs of ancient Egypt often believed that the use of crystals in the masks and jewelry gave them the effect of bettering their rule. Amazonite and Lapis were reoccurring crystals found in the tombs found in Egypt, particularly King Tut where Lapis was actually apiece in the famous mask he wore. Cleopatra’s favorite jewelry was supposed to be a ring made of the crystal am ethyst. The ancient Chinese are also found to be users of the healing purposes of crystals. In two hundred different occasions, crystals are referred to in the bible. New Jerusalem, God’s heavenly city, was said to be built on top of crystals. â€Å"And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass. And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.† Tibetan monks also viewed quartz crystal spheres as holy objects and worshiped them. The monks often referred to quartz as the â€Å"crystal of enlightenment†. Alexander The Great included a large emerald crystal encrusted in his battle helmet to insure a victory in the battle. The Shah Jahan, monks who built the Taj Mahal, wore talismans similar to Alexander The Great. Overall, There is a reoccurrence of crystals used for different purposes such as healing, sacred items, and fine jewelry. There are many different structures of crystals based on the formation of them. The different forms are Cubic, Isometric, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Hexagonal, Trigonal, Triclinic, and Monoclinic. Cubic and Isometric are similar but don’t always have to be cubes. They can be found in forms of octahedrons and dodecahedrons as well as cubes. Tetragonal form double prisms and double pyramids due to one axis being longer than the other. Orthorhombic form dipyramids and rhombic prisms. Hexagonal are six-sided prisms and when viewed from a certain angle, the cross section is a hexagon. Trigonal, instead of having a 6-fold axis like the hexagonal, it has a 3-fold, thus making it trigonal. Triclinic has no set shape so these kinds of crystals can come in any shape and strange ones as well. Monoclinic are very similar to tetragonal crystals except they are skewed a bit so they don’t form good angles. These formations of the atoms and molecules in a crystal are all part of what is called the crystal lattice. The crystal lattice is the repetition of a pattern in three dimensions. The atoms and molecules of crystals form in such a way that in all three dimensions, they are repeating a certain pattern. The shapes of the microscopic atoms can determine the shape of the macroscopic crystal. So, Cubic, Isometric, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Hexagonal, Trigonal, Triclinic, and Monoclinic atom formations repeat in different crystals to make them the shape they are. Crystals can also be grouped by their properties. The property arrangements include covalent, metallic, ionic, and molecular crystals. Covalent crystals have many true covalent bonds connecting all the atoms in the crystal. Covalent crystals tend to have very high melting points. Some covalent crystals include zinc sulfide and diamonds. Metallic crystal’s atoms sit on a lattice, therefore the outer electrons of the atoms in the crystal are free to move around and float whichever way they want. Metallic crystals have a high melting point like covalent crystals but just not as high. Ionic crystals are bonded together by ionic bonds just as covalent crystals are held together by covalent bonds. Ionic crystals have high melting points like the other crystals and are usually very hard. An example of an ionic crystal is salt (NaCl). Molecular crystals are very recognizable in terms of their molecular structure. They are bonding by hydrogen bonds or non-covalent bonding. Molecular crystals are usually soft and have lower melting points compared to the other crystals. Relating the properties of crystals to the atom structure (crystal lattice) will allow one to realize how the structure correlates to the property. They’re ere 2 different types of structure in the crystal lattice, crystalline and non-crystalline. Crystalline structures are the atom structures that contain the repeating patterns. While non-crystalline structures contain miniscule faults in the patterns and are not perfect. Ionic crystals contain a crystalline structure and therefore are very hard and dense. The more crystalline the structure, the more compact the atoms are arranged. And the more the compact the atoms are, the more dense and hard the crystal becomes. Molecular crystals tend to have a weak, non-crystalline structure of the atoms. This results in the Molecular crystals being weak with low boiling points. The atoms in Molecular crystal tend to be spread out over farther distances in contrast to ionic crystal’s structure. Different wavelengths and colors of light can affect the color of the crystal itself and the wavelength output of the crystal. Different crystals are different colors due to the different chemicals in each one and how each one absorbs light. Many crystals reflect a certain color of light depending on the chemicals. So, crystals absorb one color of light or wavelength of light, and reflect a different color of light. So the idea of complimentary colors comes into play. Complimentary colors are the colors that the crystals absorb to then reflect a different color of light. There are many examples such as if a crystal is yellow, it is reflecting yellow light but the light it absorbs is blue. Also, if a crystal is red, it is reflecting red light but it is absorbing green light. Normally, crystals will grow much faster in the light, but these crystals will be much weaker than crystals grown in the dark. This is due to the time it takes for each to grow. In dark rooms crystals grow at a much slower rate but are significantly stronger than crystals grown in light. Crystals are found all over and all inside the Earth. In some rock cavities, whether it is close to the surface or deep and closer to the core of the Earth, mineral-rich solutions contain the essential elements to grow crystals. Thus, in these rock cavities, many different crystals can be found, and some are very old. Crystals can also be found around volcanoes and past eruption areas because after a volcano erupts, the cooled magma forms crystals. In many caves, rock walls contain similar solutions as rock cavities and form similar crystals. Crystals can also be found where there are mineral-rich vapors present, such as deep caves and rock formations. Many different crystals can form in various environments. Such as the location of turbulent water such as pipes and quick paced streams. Also, crystals can be found in the presence of evaporating salt water, where salt crystals will form. Crystals are also formed in the process of condensation, or in clouds for that matter. Every time it snows, the water has frozen into microscopic ice crystals that are the snowflakes. Also, Crystals can form under water and many on the Earth have not been seen because of this. Crystals grow and form in different and various ways. Crystals begin growing in a process called nucleation, which contains 2 different types, unassisted and assisted. Unassisted nucleation occurs when a â€Å"proto-crystal† forms in the solution that has been added to a solute. The solute is the solid and the solution is the liquid surrounding the solute. When molecules in the solution begin to attract to one another they combine and sometimes are separated by intermolecular forces but sometimes they stay together. When these molecules stay together they begin to attract different molecules of the solution to join and this is the â€Å"proto-crystal†. The â€Å"proto-crystal† then attaches itself to a couple other molecules or other â€Å"proto-crystals† in the solution and the actual crystal begins to form. In assisted nucleation, the solution is provided with a solute that the molecules of the solution can attach or adsorb to. When this occurs it attracts molecules just as in unassisted nucleation and the crystals begin to form. Because of the ability for crystals to grow from the build up of the solute molecules in the solution, crystals are able to grow at their highest when the solution being used is saturated with the solute being use. The more material to build up, the more the crystals are going to be able to grow and grow to full extent. Crystal formation is very slow, so it must be given a long geological process to form. Depending on the kind of crystal, the times of formation vary, so some form faster than others. This is where super saturation comes into play. Super saturation is the presence of more dissolved material in the solvent that could be dissolved in normal conditions. When a solution is supersaturated, it contains many particles and molecules of material to begin the nucleation process. When the supersaturated solution is under the correct conditions, crystallization begins to occur more rapidly. But this is not the case for all liquids or solutions. Some solutions may be saturated at one temperature but supersaturated at another so temperature is able to affect this as well. Temperature plays a huge part in the growth and the rate in which crystals grow. The growth rate of crystals changes depending on the temperature they are in. But some crystals grow faster in warm temperatures than in cold temperatures. This is because of the process of evaporation. When a saturated solution is in a warm environment it begins to evaporate. When the liquid begins to evaporate, overtime the material that was once dissolved in the solution will begin to bunch up and crystallize the more the liquid evaporates. But this process is a lot quicker than in cold environments so this leads to less stability and weaker crystal strength. In colder environments, the opposite process is used to begin the crystallization process. The process of precipitation is used. This process takes a much longer time than the evaporation process. Since this process takes a much longer time, it has the ability to create well formed and high quality crystals that are much stronger than crystals formed in hotter temperatures. Mainly crystals grown in the dark take much longer to grow. Because of the absence of light, there is not as much heat than crystals in light. Crystals in light receive much more heat. But this is not the case for all types of crystals; in some cases the rules for temperature are switched. For example Borax, these are crystals that usually generate faster in colder temperatures. If the Borax solution is saturated at room temperature or at any temperature higher than room temperature, the crystals grow faster in colder temperatures. This is due to the molecular structure of the Borax solution and the movement of the molecules causes the saturated solution at room temperature to become a supersaturated solution at colder temperatures. And the super saturation leads to faster crystal growth. So growth rates vary depending on temperature, kind of crystal, and kind of solution being used in the experiment. Bibliography 1.†Crystal.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Dec. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 2.†History of Crystals.† History of Crystals. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 3. â€Å"A Brief History of Crystals and Healing.† History of Crystals and Healing. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 4.†Basic History of Crystals.† Holistic Apothecary. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 5.†Types Of Crystals.† About.com Chemistry. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 6.†The Structure of Crystals.† The Structure of Crystals. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 7.ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 8.†Temperature and Crystal Growth.† Temperature and Crystal Growth. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. 9.†UCSB Science Line Sqtest.† UCSB Science Line Sqtest. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Euhemerism and the Gods

Euhemerism and the Gods Euhemerism and the Gods Euhemerism and the Gods By Maeve Maddox As long ago as the 4th century B.C.E., a student of religion and myth named Euhemerus theorized that the gods and their stories had their origins in actual historical events. His name has given us the term euhemerism [yÃ… «-hÄ“mÉ™-rÄ ­zÉ™m]: interpretation of myths as traditional accounts of historical persons and events OED Much later, an Icelandic student of the Norse myths, Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241), suggested that the gods began as human war leaders. He speculated that cults grew up around the burial sites of kings and renowned warriors. The living visited the sites called upon the departed for help in battle. Eventually the dead heroes were remembered as supernatural beings with the power to bestow victory in war. Related words are: euhemerist: noun, one who follows the method of Euhemerus euhemeristic: adjective, ) of persons: Inclined to euhemerism; (b) of things: Of the nature of or resembling euhemerism euhemerize: verb, To subject to euhemeristic interpretation; To follow the method of Euhemerus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonNominalized Verbs

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

15 Quotes for Christmas Decorations

15 Quotes for Christmas Decorations Decorating your home during Christmas can be a lot of fun, especially when done with your loved ones. It is a great way to bond with family and friends. Colorful festoons, fairy lights, snowflake cutouts, and ribbons can make the atmosphere festive. So work up your imagination, and create magic with Christmas decorations. Theme-based decorations are a big hit with kids, regardless of age. You can even bake a cake with the theme, to add a dash of excitement. Instead of posting  Christmas cards  with your family photographed hugging each other, you can do something better. If you are a whiz at art and craft, you can make your own Christmas decorations rather than using store-bought trinkets. Get your family and kids to participate in making Christmas decorations and make this a family project. Besides saving money, you will also enjoy doing the project together. Hang photographs of your family during childhood, adulthood, best days and worst days. Take your friends for a  walk down memory lane with old pictures. Nothing is more charming than reminiscing good old days with a bunch of friends. These quotes from the famous and not so famous can inspire you decorating ideas that can help make your home and Christmas tree stand out in the neighborhood. Eva K. Logue A Christmas candle is a lovely thing; it makes no noise at all, but softly gives itself away; while quite unselfish, it grows small. Burton Hillis The best of all gifts around any Christmas tree: The presence of a happy family all wrapped up in each other.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow I heard the bells on Christmas Day / Their old, familiar carols play, and wild and sweet / The word repeat of peace on earth, good-will to men! Charles N. Barnard The perfect Christmas tree? All Christmas trees are perfect! Larry Wilde Never worry about the size of your Christmas tree. In the eyes of children, they are all 30 feet tall. Roy L. Smith He who has not Christmas in his heart will never find it under a tree. Lenore Hershey Do give books- religious or otherwise- for Christmas. They’re never fattening, seldom sinful, and permanently personal. Ashley Tisdale Love Christmas, not just because of the presents but because of all the decorations and lights and the warmth of the season. Mary Ellen Chase Christmas, children, is not a date. It is a state of mind. Charles M. Schulz Christmas is doing a little something extra for someone. G. K. Chesterton When we were children we were grateful to those who filled our stockings at Christmas time. Why are we not grateful to God for filling our stockings with legs? Peg Bracken Gifts of time and love are surely the basic ingredients of a truly merry Christmas. Richard Paul Evans The smells of Christmas are the smells of childhood. Norman Vincent Peale Christmas waves a magic wand over this world, and behold, everything is softer and more beautiful. Kin Hubbard Nothing’s as mean as giving a little child something useful for Christmas.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

The Impact of Key External Environmental Factors Assignment

The Impact of Key External Environmental Factors - Assignment Example This paper gives a critical analysis and discussion of the interaction of the Morrison’s Supermarkets with its environment and its implication on the performance of the firm. In addition, the stakeholders of the firm are analyzed in terms of the potential conflict of interest. Wm. Morrison’s Supermarkets Plc Morrison’s Supermarket is a grocery retailer in the United Kingdom and is one of the largest retail business which has a large share of the food market. The supermarkets supply food ingredients to its customer base and it aims at providing fresh supplies as its selling point. This has greatly has contributed to its immense success. The supermarket has skilled and experienced food specialists who have enabled fresh food ingredients are provided to the customers. The interaction of the firm with its environment gives it a competitive edge over its competitors. Supply chain The Morison’s has its own supply chain which has enabled it to have a competitive advantage over businesses which supply the same products. In addition, Morrison’s has its own production plants for its food products which means they manufacture, pack and grade their own products before they are supplied to the customers. ... The Political and Social Environment Needle The consciousness of the society on healthy living has increased tremendously and this has impacted on the strategies used by retailers in promotion and marketing of their products. There is an increased prevalence of obesity in the United Kingdom which has led to the involvement of the government in attempting to reduce the obese cases in the country. According to Wm. Morrison’s Supermarkets Plc (2009), 23% of adults within the United Kingdom are classified as being obese. Pressure groups in the UK have attacked the retail market arguing that misleading labeling on foodstuffs by supermarkets are to blame for the unhealthy lifestyles in the country. Many families have therefore found it hard to balance their diet through proper food lifestyles. The regulation of the government on the food products of the Morrison’s include the determination of the sugar, salt and fat content of the food which is produced and sold to the public . This is due to the increased campaigns on the benefits of a balanced diet that have caused the public to be conscious of the number of nutrients in the foods sold in supermarkets. Because supermarkets act as the major source of food supply to the public, they are blamed for the poor health among the majority of the UK citizens. Some segments of the UK food market are unable to access and supply healthy food to the public. As a result, the Morrisson’s have utilized this opportunity by providing the healthy and fresh ingredients at a reasonable cost to its customer which has made the firm to be among the top suppliers of food ingredients in the United Kingdom.Â